Swiss criminal record: entries and removal
What appears on the criminal record
The Swiss criminal record, managed at federal level in the VOSTRA information system, lists the criminal judgments issued against a person: custodial sentences, monetary penalties, community work, and certain decisions of administrative authorities competent in criminal matters.
Two types of extracts
The extract available to a private individual, which anyone can request for themselves, is more limited than the full extract reserved for criminal prosecution authorities and certain administrative authorities authorised by law. An employer therefore cannot demand direct access to the criminal record: they can only ask a candidate or employee to produce their own private extract.
Removal of entries
Entries do not remain on the criminal record indefinitely: the law sets removal periods that depend on the severity of the sentence imposed, with lighter sanctions removed more quickly than long custodial sentences. Once removed, an entry no longer appears, even on the extract intended for authorities, subject to exceptions provided by law.
Frequently asked questions
How do I obtain an extract of my criminal record?
The request is made online with the Federal Office of Justice, with proof of identity and payment of a fee. The extract is sent by post to the registered home address.
Can an employer check my criminal record without my consent?
No. Only authorities authorised by law have direct access to VOSTRA. An employer can only ask a candidate to provide their own private extract.
Do all criminal convictions appear on the private extract?
No, this extract is more limited than the one for authorities: certain entries, particularly lighter or older sanctions, do not appear or no longer appear on it, according to the rules set by the criminal records law.
How long does a conviction remain on record?
The duration depends on the severity of the sentence imposed: the heavier the sanction, the longer the period before removal. To find the period applicable to a specific situation, refer to the federal law on criminal records or consult a lawyer.